Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

Provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode, an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, wherein the hole transport region includes an auxiliary layer, the auxiliary layer including at least one amine-based compound represented by Formula 1: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , X 11 , L 11 , L 12 , L 13 , a11, a12, a13, b15, and b16 are as defined in the specification.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0057946, filed on May 14, 2014, inthe Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “OrganicLight-Emitting Device,” is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wideviewing angles, a high contrast ratio, short response times, andexcellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speedcharacteristics, and produce full-color images.

The organic light-emitting device may have a structure in which a firstelectrode is formed on a substrate and a hole transport region, anemission layer, an electron transport layer, and a second electrode aresequentially formed on the first electrode.

Holes injected from the first electrode move to the emission layer viathe hole transport region and electrons injected from the secondelectrode move to the emission layer via the electron transport region.Carriers such as holes and electrons are recombined in the emissionlayer to produce excitons. These excitons change from an excited stateto a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are directed to an organic light-emitting device including afirst electrode; a second electrode; an emission layer disposed betweenthe first electrode and the second electrode; and a hole transportregion disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer,wherein the hole transport region includes an auxiliary layer, whereinthe auxiliary layer includes an amine-based compound represented byFormula 1:

in Formula 1,

X₁₁ is selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, C(R₁₇)(R₁₈), andN(R₁₇);

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may be each independently selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group;

a11 is selected from 1, 2, and 3;

a12 and a13 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be each independently selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group,and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇);

R₁₅ and R₁₆ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group,and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇);

b15 is selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

b16 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and—B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and—B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); wherein

R₁₇, R₁₈, Q₁ to Q₇, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be eachindependently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aC₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features will become apparent to those of skill in the art by describingin detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawingsin which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of a structure of an organiclight-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 2 illustrates a structure of an organic light-emitting deviceaccording to another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied indifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawing figures, the dimensions of layers and regions may beexaggerated for clarity of illustration. It will also be understood thatwhen a layer or element is referred to as being “on” another layer orsubstrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, orintervening layers may also be present. Further, it will be understoodthat when a layer is referred to as being “under” another layer, it canbe directly under, and one or more intervening layers may also bepresent. In addition, it will also be understood that when a layer isreferred to as being “between” two layers, it can be the only layerbetween the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also bepresent.

Expressions such as “at least one of” when preceding a list of elements,modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individualelements of the list.

An expression used in the singular encompasses the expression of theplural, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context.

The amine-based compound may be represented by Formula 1 below:

In Formula 1, X₁₁ may be selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom,C(R₁₇)(R₁₈), and N(R₁₇). R₁₇ and R₁₈ are the same as described below.

For example, in Formula 1, X₁₁ may be selected from an oxygen atom, asulfur atom, and N(R₁₇).

In Formula 1, L₁₁ to L₁₃ may be each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, or the substituted divalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C1-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C1-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidand a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and—B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); wherein,

Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independently selectedfrom a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 1, L₁₁ to L₁₃ may be each independently selectedfrom a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isooxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzooxazolylene group, anisobenzooxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, and animidazopyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isooxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzooxazolylene group, anisobenzooxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, and animidazopyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidand a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, acycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolylgroup, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group.

In an implementation, in Formula 1, L₁₁ to L₁₃ may be each independentlygroups selected from Formulae 3-1 to 3-30 below:

in Formulae 3-1 to 3-30,

Y₁ may be O, S, a C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₅), or Si(Z₆)(Z₇);

Z₁ to Z₇ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group,

d1 may be an integer selected from 1 to 4;

d2 may be an integer selected from 1 to 3;

d3 may be an integer selected from 1 to 6;

d4 may be an integer selected from 1 to 8;

d5 may be 1 or 2;

d6 may be an integer selected from 1 to 5.

In another embodiment, in Formula 1, L₁₁ to L₁₃ may be eachindependently groups selected from Formulae 4-1 to 4-21:

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-21

* and *′ are binding sites to neighboring atoms.

In Formula 1, a11 represents a number of L₁₁s and may be selected from1, 2 and 3. For example, in Formula 1, a11 may be selected from 1 and 2,for example. When a11 is 2 or greater, a plurality of L₁₁s may be thesame or different.

In Formula 1, a12 represents a number of L₁₂s and may be selected from0, 1, 2, and 3. In Formula 1, when a12 is 0, -(L₁₂)_(a12)-may be asingle bond. For example, in Formula 1, a12 may be selected from 0 and1, for example. When a12 is 2 or greater, a plurality of L₁₂s may be thesame or different.

In Formula 1, a13 represents a number of L₁₃s and may be selected from0, 1, 2, and 3. In Formula 1, when a13 is 0, -(L₁₃)_(a13)-may be asingle bond. For example, in Formula 1, a13 may be selected from 0 and1, for example. When a13 is 2 or greater, a plurality of L₁₃s may be thesame or different.

In Formula 1, R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensedpolycyclic group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇);

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidand a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and—B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); wherein,

Q₁ to Q₇, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be eachindependently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aC₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 1, R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be each independently selectedfrom a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group,a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a dibenzosilolylgroup; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinylgroup, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a benzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, and a dibenzosilolyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, acyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propylgroup, a tert-butyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, atert-butoxy group, —Si(CH₃)₃, —Si(Ph)₃, —CF₃, a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl, an indolyl, an indazolyl, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, for example.

In an implementation, in Formula 1, R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be each independentlygroups selected from Formulae 6-1 to 6-5 below:

in Formulae 6-1 to 6-5,

* is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In Formula 1, R₁₅ and R₁₆ may be each independently selected from ahydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, asulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensedpolycyclic group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇);

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, may be each independently selectedfrom

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidand a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and—B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇); wherein,

Q₁ to Q₇, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be eachindependently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aC₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 1, R₁₅ and R₁₆ may be each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group,a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group.

In another implementation, in Formula 1, R₁₅ and R₁₆ may be eachindependently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br—, —I,a cyano group, a nitrile group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a phenoxy group.

In Formula 1, b15 represents a number of R₁₅s and may be an integerselected from 1, 2, and 3. When b15 is an integer that is 2 or greater,a plurality of R₁₅s may be the same or different.

In Formula 1, b16 represents a number of R₁₆s and may be an integerselected from 1, 2, 3, and 4. When b16 is an integer that is 2 orgreater, a plurality of R₁₆s may be the same or different.

In Formula 1, R₁₇ and R₁₈ may be each independently selected from aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 1, R₁₇ and R₁₈ may be each independentlyselected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl.

According to an embodiment, the amine-based compound may be representedby Formula 1A below:

In Formula 1A, X₁₁, L₁₁ to L₁₃, a11 to a13, and R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be thesame as described above.

In an implementation, when the amine-based compound is represented byFormula 1A above, in Formula 1A, L₁₁ to L₁₃ may be each independentlygroups selected from Formulae 4-1 to 4-21 above.

In an implementation, when the amine-based compound is represented byFormula 1A above, in Formula 1A, R₁₁ to R₁₄ may be each independentlygroups selected from Formulae 6-1 to 6-5 above.

In another implementation, the amine-based compound may be selected fromCompounds 1A to 9A:

An organic light-emitting device including the amine-based compoundrepresented by Formula 1 above may have improved efficiency and improvedlifespan.

The amine-based compound represented by Formula 1 above may besynthesized by an organic synthesis method known in the art. Thesynthesis method of the amine-based compound may be understood by one ofordinary skill in the art based on the examples described below.

The amine-based compound represented by Formula 1 above may be usedbetween a pair of electrodes in an organic light-emitting device. Forexample, the amine-based compound may be used in the hole transportregion, for example, in an auxiliary layer.

Accordingly, provided is an organic light-emitting device including afirst electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the firstelectrode, and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode andthe second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein theorganic layer includes at least one amine-based compound represented byFormula 1 described above.

As used herein, the expression “(organic layer) includes at least oneamine-based compound” may be construed as “(organic layer) may includeone amine-based compound as defined by Formula 1 or two or moredifferent amine-based compounds as defined by Formula 1”.

For example, the organic layer may only include Compound 1A as theamine-based compound. In this regard, Compound 1A may be present in ahole transport region of the organic light-emitting device. In anotherimplementation, the organic layer may include both Compound 1A andCompound 2A as the amine-based compound. In this regard, Compound 1A andCompound 2A be present in the same layer (for example, in the holetransport region) or in different layers (for example, in the holetransport region and the emission layer (EML), respectively).

The organic layer may include i) the hole transport region disposedbetween the first electrode and the EML and including at least one of ahole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an auxiliarylayer (AL), and an electron-blocking layer (EBL); and ii) an electrontransport region disposed between the EML and the second electrode andincluding at least one of the EBL, the ETL, and the EIL.

As used herein, the expression, the “organic layer” may refer to asingle layer and/or a multi-layer disposed between the first electrodeand the second electrode in the organic light-emitting device.

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view schematically showing astructure of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to anembodiment. The structure and a manufacturing method of the organiclight-emitting device 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

The organic light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110,an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 110and on the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrateor a transparent plastic substrate with excellent mechanical strength,thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling,and water resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by, for example, depositing orsputtering a first electrode material on the substrate. When the firstelectrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrode 110 maybe selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate holeinjection. The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The materialfor the first electrode 110 may be a transparent material with highconductivity. Examples of such a material include indium tin oxide(ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO).As the first electrode material, magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), or the like may be used to form the firstelectrode 110, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflectiveelectrode.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure or amulti-layer structure. For example, the first electrode 110 may have athree-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

The organic layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode 110. Theorganic layer 150 may include the EML 160.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region 130disposed between the first electrode and the EML and an electrontransport region 180 disposed between the EML and the second electrode.

The hole transport region may include at least one from the HIL, theHTL, the AL, and the EBL. The electron transport region may include atleast one from the HBL, the ETL, and the EIL.

The hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed ofa single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of differentmaterials, or a multi-layered structure formed of a plurality ofdifferent materials.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure formed of a plurality of different materials or a structure inwhich HIL/HTL, HIL/HTL/AL, HIL/AL, HTL/AL or HIL/HTL/EBL aresequentially layered on the first electrode 110.

When the hole transport region includes the HIL, the HIL may be formedon the first electrode 110 by using various methods such as vacuumdeposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), inkjetprinting, laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or thelike.

When the HIL is formed using vacuum deposition, vacuum depositionconditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form theHIL and the desired structure of the HIL to be formed. For example,vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature of about 100° C. toabout 500° C., a pressure of about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and adeposition rate of about 0.01 to about 100 Å/sec. When the HIL is formedusing spin coating, the coating conditions may vary according to thecompound that is used to form the HIL and the desired structure of theHIL to be formed. For example, the coating rate may be in the range ofabout 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm, and a temperature of a heat treatmentin the range of about 80° C. to about 200° C. When the hole transportregion includes the HTL, the HTL may be formed on the first electrode110 by using various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating,casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing, LITI, or the like. Thedeposition and coating conditions may be similar to those used for theformation of the HIL.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected fromm-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, α-NPB,TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA),polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (pani/CSA), or(polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compoundrepresented by Formula 201 below and a compound represented by Formula202 below:

in Formulae 201 and 202,

descriptions of L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may be each independently understood byreferring to the description for L₁₁ in Formula 1;

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and

descriptions of R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₅ may be each independently understood byreferring to the description of R₁₁ in Formula 1.

For example, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may be each independently selected from a phenylene group,a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group,benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, a phenanthrenylene group, ananthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group,a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group,and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof,a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, or 2;

xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, or 3;

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₅ may be each independently selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group, for example.

The compound represented by Formula 201 above may be represented byFormula 201A below:

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 above may berepresented by Formula 201A-1 below:

The compound represented by Formula 202 above may be represented byrepresented by Formula 202A below:

in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A, descriptions of L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 toxa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ may be similar to the description disclosedherein, a description of R₂₁₁ may be similar to the description of R₂₀₃,and R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₆ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, and a non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

For example, in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃ may be each independently selected from a phenylene group,a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, abenzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenegroup, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylenegroup, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof,a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group;

xa1 to xa3 may be each independently 0 or 1;

R₂₀₃, R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may be each independently selected from a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup and a C1-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C1-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

R₂₁₅ and R₂₁₆ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof,

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C1-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C1-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xa5 may be 1 or 2.

In Formulae 201A and 201A-1, R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ may bind to each other toform a saturated or an unsaturated ring.

The compound represented by Formula 201 below and the compoundrepresented by Formula 202 below may include Compounds HT1 to HT20.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be about 100 Å to about10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the holetransport region includes a11 of the HIL and the HTL, a thickness of theHIL may be about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the HTL may be about 50 Å to about2,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknessesof the hole transport region, the HIL and the HTL are within the rangesdescribed above, satisfactory hole transport properties may be obtainedwithout a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include a charge-generatingmaterial for improving conductivity, in addition to the materialsdescribed above. The charge-generating material may be homogeneously orinhomogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. Thep-dopant may be one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and acompound with a cyano group. Examples of the p-dopant include quinonederivatives, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ); metaloxides such as tungsten oxides and molybdenum oxides; and Compound HT-D1below.

The hole transport region may further include an AL, in addition to theHIL and the HTL described above. The AL may be disposed in variouslocations between the first electrode and the EML. For example, as shownin FIG. 1, AL 140 may be disposed within the hole transport region 130.In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, AL 240 may be disposedadjacent the EML 260. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 denotes an organiclight-emitting device in correspondence to the organic light-emittingdevice 10 of FIG. 1. Similar to FIG. 1, reference numerals 210, 230,250, 280, and 290 denote a first electrode, a hole transport region, anauxiliary layer, an organic layer, an emission layer, an electrontransport region, and a second electrode, respectively.

HOMO energy of the AL may be disposed between the EML and the HTL tofacilitate hole transport. The AL may include an amine-based compoundrepresented by Formula 1A above. In other implementations, the AL mayinclude a material that may be included in the hole transport region, inaddition to the amine-based compound represented by Formula 1A above. Athickness of the AL may be about 10 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about30 Å to about 70 Å.

The hole transport region may further include an EBL. The EBL is a layerthat prevents electron injection from the electron transport region.

The EML may be formed on the first electrode 110 or the hole transportregion using vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjetprinting, laser printing, LITI, or the like. When the EML is formedusing vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coatingconditions may be similar to those for the formation of the HIL.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organiclight-emitting device, the organic light-emitting device 10 may bepatterned into a red EML, a green EML, and a blue EML according to theEMLs and individual subpixels. In other implementations, the EML mayhave a structure in which the red EML, the green EML, and the blue EMLare layered or a structure in which a red light emission material, greenlight emission material and blue light emission material are mixedwithout layer separation.

The EML may include a host and a dopant.

The host may include at least one from TPBi, TBADN, AND (also referredto as “DNA”), CBP, CDBP, and TCP:

In other implementations, the host may include a compound represented byFormula 301 below.

Ar₃₀₁-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb2)  <Formula 301>

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, afluorene group, a spiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, adibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, ananthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenegroup, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylenegroup, a pentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group;

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, aphenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (wherein, Q₃₀₁ toQ₃₀₃ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group);

description of L₃₀₁ may be similar to the description of L₂₀₁;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C1-C₂₀ alkoxygroup;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C1-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xb1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xb2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

For example, in Formula 301,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, afluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, ananthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and asalt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid anda salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxygroup;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group,each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group, for example.

For example, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301Abelow:

In Formula 301A, descriptions of substituents may be similar to thedescriptions above.

The compound represented by Formula 301 may include at least one fromCompounds H1 to H42:

In other implementations, the host may include at least one fromCompounds H43 to H49:

The dopant may include the amine-based compound represented by Formula1A above. The dopant may include at least one of a fluorescent dopantand a phosphorescent dopant, in addition to the amine-based compoundrepresented by Formula 1A above.

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organic metal complexrepresented by Formula 401 below:

In Formula 401,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os),titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium(Tb), and thulium (Tm);

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may be each independently nitrogen or carbon;

A₄₀₁ ring and A₄₀₂ ring may be each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted benzene group, a substituted orunsubstituted naphthalene group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted spiro-fluorene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted indene group, a substituted orunsubstituted pyrrole group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiopenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted furan group, a substituted orunsubstituted imidazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted thiazole group, a substituted orunsubstituted isothiazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazolegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted isooxazole group, a substituted orunsubstituted pyridine group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine group, a substituted orunsubstituted pyridazine group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolinegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline group, a substitutedor unsubstituted benzoquinoline group, a substituted or unsubstitutedquinoxaline group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline group, asubstituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, a substituted orunsubstituted benzoimidazole group, a substituted or unsubstitutedbenzofuran group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiopene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted isobenzothiopene group, a substituted orunsubstituted benzooxazole group, a substituted or unsubstitutedisobenzooxazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted triazole group, asubstituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole group, a substituted orunsubstituted triazine group, a substituted or unsubstituteddibenzofuran group, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiopenegroup;

at least one substituent of the substituted benzene group, thesubstituted naphthalene group, the substituted fluorene group, thesubstituted spiro-fluorene group, the substituted indene group, thesubstituted pyrrole group, the substituted thiopene group, thesubstituted furan group, the substituted imidazole group, thesubstituted pyrazole group, the substituted thiazole group, thesubstituted isothiazole group, the substituted oxazole group, thesubstituted isooxazole group, the substituted pyridine group, thesubstituted pyrazine group, the substituted pyrimidine group, thesubstituted pyridazine group, the substituted quinoline group, thesubstituted isoquinoline group, the substituted benzoquinoline group,the substituted quinoxaline group, the substituted quinazoline group,the substituted carbazole group, the substituted benzoimidazole group,the substituted benzofuran group, the substituted benzothiopene group,the substituted isobenzothiopene group, the substituted benzooxazolegroup, the substituted isobenzooxazole group, the substituted triazolegroup, the substituted oxadiazole group, the substituted triazine group,the substituted dibenzofuran group, and the substituted dibenzothiopenegroup may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C1-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C1-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidand a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, anon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),—Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅) and —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, and a non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, and a non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂), —Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅), and—B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁)(Q₄₂₂), —Si(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇);

L₄₀₁ may be an organic ligand;

xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3; and

xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3.

L₄₀₁ may be any one of a monovalent, a divalent, or a trivalent organicligand.

For example, L₄₀₁ may be selected from a halogen ligand (such as Cl andF), a diketone ligand (such as acetylacetonate,1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate,and hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (such as picolinate,dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, and benzoate), a carbon monoxide ligand,an isonitrile group ligand, a cyano group ligand, and a phosphorusligand (such as phosphine and phosphaite).

In Formula 401, when A₄₀₁ has two or more substituents, the two or moresubstituents of A₄₀₁ may bind to each other to form a saturated ring oran unsaturated ring.

In Formula 401, when A₄₀₂ has two or more substituents, the two or moresubstituents of A₄₀₂ may bind to each other to form a saturated ring oran unsaturated ring.

In Formula 401, when xc1 is two or greater, a plurality of ligands ofFormula 401

may be the same or different. In Formula 401, when xc1 is two orgreater, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may be connected to neighboring A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂either directly or via a linker (such as a C₁-C₅ alkylene group and—N(R′)— (wherein, R′ may be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₂₀ arylgroup), or —C(═O)—).

For example, the phosphorescent dopant may include at least one selectedfrom Compounds PD1 to PD74:

In other implementations, the phosphorescent dopant may include PtOEPbelow:

The fluorescent dopant may include at least one selected from DPAVBi,BDAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6, and C545T below.

In other implementations, the fluorescent dopant may include a compoundrepresented by Formula 501 below:

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, afluorene group, a spiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, adibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, ananthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenegroup, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylenegroup, a pentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group;

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, aphenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃) (wherein, Q₅₀₁ toQ₅₀₃ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group);

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may have the same meaning as L₂₀₁ in Formula 201 above;

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may be each independently selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl and adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and asalt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid anda salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

xd1 to xd3 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xb4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The fluorescent dopant may include at least one from Compounds FD1 toFD8:

In the EML, an amount of the dopant may generally be selected from arange of about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on100 parts by weight of the host, as an example.

A thickness of the EML may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example,about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the EML satisfies therange described above, the EML may show excellent emission propertieswithout a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may be disposed on the EML.

The electron transport region may include an EBL, an ETL, and an EIL,for example.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure in whichthe ETL/EIL or the HBL/ETL/EIL are sequentially layered from the EML.

The electron transport region may include an HBL. When the EML includesa phosphorescent dopant, the HBL may be formed to prevent diffusion oftriplet excitons or holes into the ETL.

When the electron transport region includes the HBL, the HBL may beformed on the EML by using vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB,inkjet printing, laser printing, and LITI. When the HBL is formed byusing vacuum deposition and spin coating, the conditions for depositionand coating may be similar to those for the formation of the HIL.

The HBL may, for example, include at least one selected from BCP andBphen.

A thickness of the HBL may be from about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and insome implementations, may be from about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When thethickness of the HBL is within these ranges, the HBL may have animproved hole blocking ability without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

The electron transport region may include an ETL. The ETL may be formedon the EML or the HBL using methods such as vacuum deposition, spincoating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing, and LITI. Whenthe ETL is formed using vacuum deposition and spin coating, theconditions for deposition and coating may be similar to those for theformation of the HIL.

The ETL may further include at least one from BCP, Bphen, depictedabove, and Alq₃, Balq, TAZ, and NTAZ below.

In other implementations, the ETL may include at least one compoundrepresented by Formula 601 below:

Ar₆₀₁-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-E₆₀₁]_(xe2)  <Formula 601>

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be selected from a naphthalene group, a heptalene group,fluorene group, a spiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, adibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, ananthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenegroup, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylenegroup, a pentaphene group, and indenoanthracene group;

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, fluorene, spiro-fluorene,benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, phenalene, phenanthrene, an anthracenegroup, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, achrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (wherein, Q₃₀₁ toQ₃₀₃ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group);

L₆₀₁ may have the same meaning as L₂₀₁ in Formula 201;

E₆₀₁ may be selected from a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and asalt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid anda salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolylgroup, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group;

xe1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xe2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In other implementations, the ETL may include at least one compoundrepresented by Formula 602 below:

In Formula 602,

X₆₁₁ may be N or C-(L₆₁₁)_(xe611)-R₆₁₁, X₆₁₂ may be N orC-(L₆₁₂)_(xe612)-R₆₁₂, X₆₁₃ may be N or C-(L₆₁₃)_(xe613)-R₆₁₃, and atleast one of X₆₁₁ to X₆₁₃ is N;

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₆ may have the same meaning as L₂₀₁ in Formula 201;

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₆ may be each independently selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group; and

xe611 to xe616 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

The compound represented by Formula 601 and the compound represented byFormula 602 may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET15.

A thickness of the ETL may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example,about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the ETL is within therange described above, the ETL may have satisfactory electron transportcharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The ETL may further include a metal-containing material in addition tothe material described above.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complexmay, for example, include compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate: LiQ) orET-D2 illustrated below.

The electron transport region may include an EIL that facilitateselectron injection from the second electrode 190.

The EIL may be formed on the ETL by using various methods such as vacuumdeposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing,and LITI. When the EIL is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating,the deposition and coating conditions may be similar to those forforming the HIL. When the EML is formed using vacuum deposition or spincoating, the deposition and coating conditions may be similar to thosefor the formation of the HIL.

The EIL may include at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O,BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the EIL may be about 1 Å to about 100 Å or about 3 Å toabout 90 Å. When the thickness of the EIL is within the range describedabove, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtainedwithout a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150described above. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode, which is anelectron injection electrode A material for the second electrode 190 maybe a metal, an alloy, an electro conductive compound, or a mixturethereof having a low work function. Examples of the material for thesecond electrode 190 include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum(Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In other implementations, ITO, IZO, or thelike may be used as the material for the second electrode 190. Thesecond electrode 190 may be a reflective electrode, semi-transmissionelectrode, or a transmission electrode.

Hereinabove, the organic light-emitting device was described withreference to FIG. 1, as an example.

As used herein, the term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group” refers to a linear oraliphatic C₁-C₆₀ hydrocarbon monovalent group, Examples thereof includea methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, asec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group,and a hexyl group. As used herein, the term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group”refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup.

As used herein, the term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group” refers to a monovalentgroup having a formula of —OA₁₀₁ (wherein, A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup). Examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, andan isopropyloxy group.

As used herein, the term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group (or C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup)” refers to a C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group having one or more carbon-carbondouble bonds at a center or end thereof. Examples of the unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and abutenyl group. As used herein, the term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group” refersto a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup.

As used herein, the term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group” refers to anunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group having one or more carbon-carbon triplebonds at a center or end thereof. Examples of the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl groupinclude an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, and the like. As usedherein, the term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group” refers to a divalent grouphaving the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

As used herein, the term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group” refers to a C₃-C₁₀monovalent hydrocarbon monocyclic group. Examples thereof include acyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, and a cycloheptyl group. As used herein, the term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group” refers to a divalent group having the samestructure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

As used herein, the term “C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group” refers to aC₃-C₁₀ monovalent monocyclic group including at least one selected fromN, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom. Examples thereof include atetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. As usedherein, the term “C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group” refers to a divalentgroup having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

As used herein, the term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group” refers to a C₃-C₁₀monovalent monocyclic group having at least one double bond in a ringbut without aromaticity Examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group,a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. As used herein, theterm “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group” refers to a divalent group havingthe same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

As used herein, the term “C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group” refers to aC₃-C₁₀ monovalent monocyclic group including at least one selected fromN, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and includes at least one doublebond in a ring. Examples of the C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group includea 2,3-hydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. As usedherein, the term “C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group” refers to adivalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group.

As used herein, the term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” refers to a C₆-C₆₀monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system and the term“C₆-C₆₀ arylene group” refers to a divalent group having a C₆-C₆₀carbocyclic aromatic system. Examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group include aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene group include two or more rings, the two ormore rings may be fused to each other.

As used herein, the term “C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group” refers to amonovalent group having a C₂-C₆₀ carbocyclic aromatic system includingat least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-formingatom and the term “C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group” refers to a divalentgroup having a C₂-C₆₀ carbocyclic aromatic system including at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S. Examples of the C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group andthe C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group include two or more rings, the two ormore rings may be fused to each other.

As used herein, the term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group” refers to —OA₁₀₂(wherein, A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group) and the term “C₆-C₆₀ arythiogroup” refers to —SA₁₀₃ (wherein, A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

As used herein, the term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup” refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings that arefused to each other, including only carbon as a ring forming atom,wherein the entire molecule does not have aromacity. Examples of thenon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group or thelike. As used herein, the term “divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group” may refer to a divalent group having the samestructure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

As used herein, the term “monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensedpolycyclic group” refers to a monovalent group having two or more ringsthat are fused to each other, including a heteroatom selected from N, O,P, and S as a ring-forming atom, in addition to carbon, wherein theentire molecule does not have aromaticity. Examples of the monovalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group include a carbazolylgroup or the like. As used herein, the term “divalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group” refers to a divalent group having thesame structure as the monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensedpolycyclic group.

As used herein, the term “Ph” refers to a phenyl group, the term “Me”refers to a methyl group, the term “Et” refers to an ethyl group, andthe term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t)” refer to a tert-butyl group.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to an embodimentwill be described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples andExamples. Hereinafter, the expression “A was used instead of B” in theSynthesis Examples refers to the fact that a molar amount of A is thesame as a molar amount of B.

The following Examples and Comparative Examples are provided in order tohighlight characteristics of one or more embodiments, but it will beunderstood that the Examples and Comparative Examples are not to beconstrued as limiting the scope of the embodiments, nor are theComparative Examples to be construed as being outside the scope of theembodiments. Further, it will be understood that the embodiments are notlimited to the particular details described in the Examples andComparative Examples.

Examples Example 1

An ITO glass substrate (available from Corning), on which an ITO layerhaving a thickness of 15 Ω/cm² (1200 Å) was formed, was cut into a sizeof 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, ultrasonically washed with isopropyl alcohol andpure water for 5 minutes each, irradiated with UV for 30 minutes,exposed to ozone to wash the substrate, which was and then loaded onto avacuum deposition device.

m-MTDATA was deposited on the ITO anode to form an HIL having athickness of 600 Å, HT5 was deposited on the HIL to form an HTL having athickness of 200 Å and then Compound 1A was deposited on the HTL to forman AL having a thickness of 100 Å. AND (host) and FD1 (dopant) wereco-deposited on the AL at a weight ratio of 95:5 to form an EML having athickness of 200 Å.

ET1 was deposited on the EML to form an ETL having a thickness of 300 Å,LiF was deposited on the ETL to form an EIL having a thickness of 10 Å,and then Al was deposited on the EIL to form a cathode having athickness of 1,000 Å, to thereby manufacture an organic light-emittingdevice.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 2A was used instead of Compound 1Afor forming the AL.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 4A was used instead of Compound 1Afor forming the AL.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 5A was used instead of Compound 1Afor forming the AL and ET17 was used instead of ET1 for forming the ETL.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 5A was used instead of Compound 1Afor forming the AL and ET19 was used instead of ET1 for forming the ETL.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that NPB was used instead of Compound 1A forforming the AL.

Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound A was used instead of Compound 1A forforming the AL.

<Compound A>

Evaluation Example 1

Driving voltages, current densities, brightness, efficiencies, andhalf-lives of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured inExamples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured by usingKethley SMU 236 and spectrophotometer PR650, and the results obtainedtherefrom are shown in Table 1 below. In this regard, lifespan is acomparative lifespan based on Example 1.

TABLE 1 Auxiliary Driving layer ET voltage Efficiency material material[V] [cd/A] Lifespan Example 1 Compound 1A ET1 4.2 1.15 1 Example 2Compound 2A ET1 4.1 1.2 1.3 Example 3 Compound 4A ET1 4.12 1.1 1.2Example 4 Compound 5A ET17 4.1 1.1 1.5 Example 5 Compound 5A ET19 4.11.1 1.6 Comparative NPB ET1 4.05 0.9 0.8 Example 1 Comparative CompoundA ET1 4.12 1 0.9 Example 2

It may be observed from Table 1 that driving voltages, efficiencies, andlifespans of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples1 to 5 are better than those of the organic light-emitting devicesmanufactured in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

As described above, an organic light-emitting device according to anembodiment may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, and a longlifespan.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specificterms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In someinstances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art asof the filing of the present application, features, characteristics,and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment maybe used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/orelements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwisespecifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those ofskill in the art that various changes in form and details may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope thereof as set forth in thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: afirst electrode; a second electrode; an emission layer between the firstelectrode and the second electrode; and a hole transport region betweenthe first electrode and the emission layer, wherein the hole transportregion includes an auxiliary layer, the auxiliary layer including atleast one amine-based compound represented by Formula 1:

in Formula 1, X₁₁ is selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom,C(R₁₇)(R₁₈), and N(R₁₇); L₁₁ to L₁₃ are each independently selected froma substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group;a11 is selected from 1, 2, and 3; a12 and a13 are each independentlyselected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; R₁₁ to R₁₄ are each independently selectedfrom a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensedpolycyclic group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇); R₁₅and R₁₆ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof,a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and—B(Q₆)(Q₇); b15 is selected from 1, 2, and 3; b16 is selected from 1, 2,3, and 4; at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group is selectedfrom a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, asulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least oneselected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, asulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and—B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇);wherein, R₁₇, R₁₈, Q₁ to Q₇, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ areeach independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensedpolycyclic group.
 2. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein X₁₁ is selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, andN(R₁₇).
 3. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1,wherein L₁₁ to L₁₃ are each independently selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-30:

in Formulae 3-1 to 3-30, symbols * and *′ are binding sites toneighboring atoms; Y₁ is O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₅), or Si(Z₆)(Z₇); Z₁ to Z₇are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group, d1 is an integer selected from 1 to 4; d2 is an integerselected from 1 to 3; d3 is an integer selected from 1 to 6; d4 is aninteger selected from 1 to 8; d5 is 1 or 2; and d6 is an integerselected from 1 to
 5. 4. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein L₁₁ to L₁₃ are each independently selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-21:

in Formulae 4-1 to 4-21, symbols * and *′ are binding sites toneighboring atoms.
 5. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein a11 is 1 or
 2. 6. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein a12 and a13 are each independently 0 or 1.7. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁₁to R₁₄ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalentnon-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; and a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatichetero-condensed polycyclic group; and Q₂₃ to Q₂₅ are each independentlyselected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group.
 8. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein R₁₁ to R₁₄ are each independently selected from aphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and a phenyl group, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolylgroup, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group,a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidand a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heltalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolyl group, a phthalazinyl group,a naphthridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, anda benzocarbazolyl group; and Q₂₃ to Q₂₅ are each independently selectedfrom a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and apyridinyl group.
 9. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein R₁₁ to R₁₄ are each independently are selected from aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl, an indolyl, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, abenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a carbazolylgroup, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, and a dibenzosilolyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl, an indolyl, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, atriazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and adibenzosilolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from adeuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methylgroup, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a tert-butyl group, a methoxygroup, an ethoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, —Si(CH₃)₃, —Si(Ph)₃, —CF₃,a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl, an indolyl, an indazolyl, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group.10. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁₁to R₁₄ are each independently selected from groups represented byFormulae 6-1 to 6-5:

in Formulae 6-1 to 6-5, symbol * is a binding site to a neighboringatom.
 11. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1,wherein R₁₅ and R₁₆ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.
 12. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁₇ and R₁₈are each independently selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, ann-propyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group.13. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein theamine-based compound is represented by Formula 1A:

in Formula 1A, X₁₁, L₁₁ to L₁₃, a11 to a13, and R₁₁ to R₁₄ have the samemeaning as in Formula
 1. 14. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the amine-based compound is selected fromCompounds 1A to 9A:


15. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein theemission layer and the auxiliary layer are adjacent each other.
 16. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holetransport region includes a carbazole-based compound represented byFormula 201A:

in Formula 201A, L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃ are each independently selected from aphenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup; and a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group,a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof,a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group; xa1 to xa3 are each independently 0 or 1; R₂₀₃ and R₂₁₁are each independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; R₂₁₃and R₂₁₄ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and aC1-C₂₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; R₂₁₅and R₂₁₆ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof,a phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C1-C₂₀alkoxy group; a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidand a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid and a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, and a triazinyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at leastone selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid and asalt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.
 17. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holetransport region further includes a p-dopant.
 18. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the hole transportregion includes a hole transport layer, the hole transport layerincluding the carbazole-based compound.
 19. The organic light-emittingdevice as claimed in claim 18, wherein the hole transport layer isadjacent the auxiliary layer.
 20. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the organic light-emitting device furtherincludes an electron transport region between the emission layer and thesecond electrode.